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Addendum
How do people learn? A brief answer is that learning “causes changes in the brain.” This is not an
easy effect to bring about. A brain wants to conserve energy, and it prioritizes use of pathways
that it has already established. Also, knowledge is associative, linked to prior experience and
misconceptions. Thus, it is important to understand what learners know already and to build upon
those mental scaffolds to make new connections in their brains.
This background information enables us to rank activities that may make the brain work harder or
less hard and how these differences might affect learning.
•
Passive (e.g. watching a webinar)
•
Active (e.g. copying notes from a slide, highlighting text in a book)
•
Constructive (e.g. comparing and contrasting, solving novel problems)
•
Interactive (e.g. discussing with peers, drawing diagrams with a partner)
2.
Learning Objective: Recognize key indicators of a healthy microbial system
3.
Learning Objective: After completing this session of the workshop, course attendees will be
able to define SMART learning outcomes for a future workshop that they facilitate.
S:
M:
A:
R:
T:
S:
M:
A:
R:
T:
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How Should They Learn it?
Instruction